Born this week
Tuesday December 30th, 2025
Aristotle
BCE – BCE
Bashfulness is an ornament to youth, but a reproach to old age.
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and scientist born in the Macedonian city of Stagirus, in 384 BCE. His father, Nicomachus, died when ...
Thomas Fuller
1608 – August 16, 1661
Better be alone than in bad company.
Thomas Fuller was an English churchman and historian. He is now remembered for his writings, particularly his Worthies of England, ...
Charles Caleb Colton
1780 – 1832
He who studies books alone will know how things ought to be, and he who studies men will know how they are.
Charles Caleb Colton was an English cleric, writer and collector, well known for his eccentricities. Colton was educated at Eton and ...
E. M. Forster
1879 – June 7, 1970
History develops, art stands still.
Edward Morgan Forster OM, CH was an English novelist, short story writer, essayist and librettist. He is known best for his ironic and ...
Orison Swett Marden
1850 – 1924
No man fails who does his best.
Dr. Orison Swett Marden was an American inspirational author who wrote on success in life and how to achieve it. His writings discuss ...
Helen Rowland
1875 – 1950
There are people whose watch stops at a certain hour and who remain permanently at that age.
Helen Rowland (1875 - 1950) was an American journalist and humorist. She is often confused with Helen May Rowland, a singer-actress who ...
Abu Bakr
573 CE – August 23, 634 CE
Do not follow vain desires for verily he who prospers is preserved from lust, greed and anger.
Abdullah ibn Abi Qhuhafah, c. 573 CE - 23 August 634 CE, popularly known by his nickname Abu Bakr was a senior companion and the ...
Woodrow Wilson
December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924
If you want to make enemies, try to change something.
Thomas Woodrow Wilson was the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921 and leader of the Progressive Movement. He served as ...
Plutarch
45 CE – 120 CE
The wildest colts make the best horses.
Plutarch, was a Greek historian, biographer, and essayist, known primarily for his Parallel Lives and Moralia. He is considered today to be ...
Isaac Asimov
January 2, 1920 – April 6, 1992
It takes more than capital to swing business. You've got to have the A. I. D. degree to get by - Advertising, Initiative, and Dynamics.
Isaac Asimov was an American author and professor of biochemistry at Boston University, best known for his works of science fiction and for ...
William Arthur Ward
1921 – March 30, 1994
It is wise to direct your anger towards problems - not people to focus your energies on answers - not excuses.
William Arthur Ward, author of Fountains of Faith, is one of America's most quoted writers of inspirational maxims. More than 100 ...
Dante Alighieri
1265 – September 14, 1321
Art, as far as it is able, follows nature, as a pupil imitates his master thus your art must be, as it were, God's grandchild.
Durante degli Alighieri, simply called Dante, was a major Italian poet of the Middle Ages. His Divine Comedy, originally called Comedìa ...
Chanakya
BCE – BCE
Education is the best friend. An educated person is respected everywhere. Education beats the beauty and the youth.
Chanakya was an Indian teacher, philosopher, and royal advisor. Originally a professor of economics and political science at the ancient ...
Stephen Gardiner
1497 – November 12, 1555
Georgian architecture respected the scale of both the individual and the community.
Stephen Gardiner was an English Roman Catholic bishop and politician during the English Reformation period who served as Lord Chancellor ...
Thomas a Kempis
1380 – July 25, 1471
Be not angry that you cannot make others as you wish them to be, since you cannot make yourself as you wish to be.
Thomas à Kempis, C.R.S.A. was a German canon regular of the late medieval period and the most probable author of The Imitation of Christ, ...
Marcus Fabius Quintilianus
35 CE – 100 CE
As regards parents, I should like to see them as highly educated as possible, and I do not restrict this remark to fathers alone.
Marcus Fabius Quintilianus was a Roman rhetorician from Hispania, widely referred to in medieval schools of rhetoric and in Renaissance ...
Ludwig van Beethoven
1770 – March 26, 1827
Recommend to your children virtue that alone can make them happy, not gold.
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in ...
Rudyard Kipling
December 30, 1865 – January 18, 1936
Down to Gehenna, or up to the Throne, He travels the fastest who travels alone.
Joseph Rudyard Kipling was an English short-story writer, poet, and novelist. He wrote tales and poems of British soldiers in India and ...
Meister Eckhart
1260 – 1328
When you are thwarted, it is your own attitude that is out of order.
Eckhart von Hochheim O.P., commonly known as Meister Eckhart, was a German theologian, philosopher and mystic, born near Gotha, in the ...
Epicurus
BCE – BCE
The art of living well and the art of dying well are one.
Epicurus was an ancient Greek philosopher as well as the founder of the school of philosophy called Epicureanism. Only a few fragments and ...
Manuel Puig
December 28, 1932 – July 22, 1990
I like the beauty of Faulkner's poetry. But I don't like his themes, not at all.
Manuel Puig was an Argentine author. Among his best known novels are La traición de Rita Hayworth, Boquitas pintadas, and El beso de la ...
Heraclitus
BCE – BCE
Change alone is unchanging.
Heraclitus of Ephesus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, a native of the Greek city Ephesus, Ionia, on the coast of Asia Minor. He was ...
Tertullian
160 CE – 220 CE
You can judge the quality of their faith from the way they behave. Discipline is an index to doctrine.
Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus, anglicised as Tertullian, was a prolific early Christian author from Carthage in the Roman province ...
Gaius Sallustius Crispus
BCE – BCE
All those who offer an opinion on any doubtful point should first clear their minds of every sentiment of dislike, friendship, anger or pity.
Gaius Sallustius Crispus, usually anglicised as Sallust, was a Roman historian, politician, and novus homo from a provincial plebeian ...
Barry Goldwater
January 2, 1909 – May 29, 1998
American business has just forgotten the importance of selling.
Barry Morris Goldwater was a businessman and five-term United States Senator from Arizona and the Republican Party's nominee for president ...
Tryon Edwards
1809 – 1894
To rule one's anger is well to prevent it is better.
Tryon Edwards was an American theologian, best known for compiling A Dictionary of Thoughts, a book of quotations. [But see note in Talk ...
Jane Seymour
1508 – October 24, 1537
People say women shouldn't have long hair over a certain age, but I've never done what everyone says.
Jane Seymour was Queen of England from 1536 to 1537 as the third wife of King Henry VIII. She succeeded Anne Boleyn as queen consort ...
Stephen Leacock
December 30, 1869 – March 28, 1944
I am a great believer in luck, and I find the harder I work the more I have of it.
Stephen P. H Butler Leacock, FRSC was a Canadian teacher, political scientist, writer, and humourist. Between the years 1910 and 1925, he ...
Homer
born BCE
In youth and beauty, wisdom is but rare!
Homer is best known as the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. He was believed by the ancient Greeks to have been the first and greatest ...
William E. Gladstone
December 29, 1809 – May 19, 1898
Liberalism is trust of the people tempered by prudence. Conservatism is distrust of the people tempered by fear.
William Ewart Gladstone, was a British Liberal politician. In a career lasting over sixty years, he served as Prime Minister four separate ...
Henri Matisse
December 31, 1869 – November 3, 1954
Drawing is like making an expressive gesture with the advantage of permanence.
Henri-Émile-Benoît Matisse was a French artist, known for his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a ...
Roger Ascham
1515 – December 23, 1568
By experience we find out a short way by a long wandering.
Roger Ascham was an English scholar and didactic writer, famous for his prose style, his promotion of the vernacular, and his theories of ...
Geoffrey Chaucer
1343 – October 25, 1400
Filth and old age, I'm sure you will agree, are powerful wardens upon chastity.
Geoffrey Chaucer, known as the Father of English literature, is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages and was the ...
Evan Esar
1899 – 1995
Definition of a Statistician: A man who believes figures don't lie, but admits than under analysis some of them won't stand up either.
Evan Esar was an American humorist who wrote "Esar's Comic Dictionary" in 1943, "Humorous English" in 1961, and "20,000 Quips and Quotes" ...
Mencius
BCE – BCE
Friendship is one mind in two bodies.
Mencius was a Chinese philosopher who is the most famous Confucian after Confucius himself.
Tacitus
56 CE – 117 CE
Reason and judgment are the qualities of a leader.
Publius Cornelius Tacitus was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works—the Annals and ...
Zhuangzi
BCE – BCE
I do not know whether I was then a man dreaming I was a butterfly, or whether I am now a butterfly dreaming I am a man.
Zhuang Zhou, often known as Zhuangzi was an influential Chinese philosopher who lived around the 4th century BC during the Warring States ...
William Lyon Phelps
January 2, 1865 – August 21, 1943
The fear of life is the favorite disease of the 20th century.
William Lyon Phelps was an American author, critic and scholar. He taught the first American university course on the modern novel. He was ...
Alexander Smith
December 31, 1829 – January 5, 1867
Death is the ugly fact which Nature has to hide, and she hides it well.
Alexander Smith (31 December 1830- 5 January 1867, 8 January according to Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable) was a Scottish poet, and ...
Antisthenes
BCE – BCE
As iron is eaten away by rust, so the envious are consumed by their own passion.
Antisthenes was a Greek philosopher and a pupil of Socrates. Antisthenes first learned rhetoric under Gorgias before becoming an ardent ...
Christopher Columbus
1451 – May 20, 1506
No one should fear to undertake any task in the name of our Saviour, if it is just and if the intention is purely for His holy service.
Christopher Columbus was a Genoese explorer, navigator, and colonizer, born in the Republic of Genoa. Under the auspices of the Catholic ...
Oliver Herford
1863 – July 5, 1935
Age, like distance lends a double charm.
Oliver Herford was an American writer, artist and illustrator who has been called "The American Oscar Wilde". As a frequent contributor to ...
Pliny the Elder
23 CE – August 25, 79 CE
Grief has limits, whereas apprehension has none. For we grieve only for what we know has happened, but we fear all that possibly may happen.
Gaius Plinius Secundus, better known as Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher, as well as naval and army ...
Douglas William Jerrold
January 3, 1803 – June 8, 1857
Happiness grows at our own firesides, and is not to be picked in strangers' gardens.
Douglas William Jerrold (3 January 1803 - 8 June 1857) was an English dramatist and writer. Jerrold was born in London. His father, Samuel ...
E. Stanley Jones
January 3, 1884 – January 25, 1973
Victorious living does not mean freedom from temptation, nor does it mean freedom from mistakes.
Eli Stanley Jones was a 20th-century Methodist Christian missionary and theologian. He is remembered chiefly for his interreligious ...
J. R. R. Tolkien
January 3, 1892 – September 2, 1973
Do not meddle in the affairs of wizards, for they are subtle and quick to anger.
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, CBE was an English writer, poet, philologist, and university professor, best known as the author of the classic ...
Edwin Hubbel Chapin
December 29, 1814 – December 26, 1880
The creed of a true saint is to make the best of life, and to make the most of it.
Edwin Hubbell Chapin was an American preacher and editor of the Christian Leader. He was also a poet, responsible for the poem Burial at ...
Albert Pike
December 29, 1809 – April 2, 1891
What we have done for ourselves alone dies with us what we have done for others and the world remains and is immortal.
Albert Pike (December 29, 1809 - April 2, 1891) was an attorney, Confederate officer, writer, and Freemason. Pike is the only Confederate ...
Jose Bergamin
December 30, 1895 – August 28, 1983
To sin offers repentance and forgiveness not to sin offers only punishment.
José Bergamín Gutiérrez was a Spanish writer, essayist, poet, and playwright. His father served as president of the canton of Málaga; ...
Minna Antrim
1861 – 1950
The difference between a saint and a hypocrite is that one lies for his religion, the other by it.
Minna Thomas Antrim was an American writer. She is famous for the quote "Experience is a great teacher, but she sends in terrific bills." ...
William J. H. Boetcker
1873 – 1962
You cannot build character and courage by destroying men's initiative and independence.
William John Henry Boetcker was an American religious leader and influential public speaker. Born in Hamburg, Germany, he was ordained a ...
Alexandre Dumas
1726 – July 11, 1802
How is it that little children are so intelligent and men so stupid? It must be education that does it.
George Farquhar
1677 – April 29, 1707
Those who know the least obey the best.
George Farquhar (1677 - 29 April 1707) was an Irish dramatist. He is noted for his contributions to late Restoration comedy, particularly ...
William Gurnall
1617 – October 12, 1679
Godliness, as well as the doctrine of our faith, is a mystery.
William Gurnall was an English author and clergyman born at King's Lynn, Norfolk. He was educated at the free grammar school of his native ...
Saadi
1210 – 1291
I fear God and next to God I mostly fear them that fear him not.
Abū-Muhammad Muslih al-Dīn bin Abdallāh Shīrāzī, Saadi Shirazi, better known by his pen-name Saʿdī or simply Saadi, was one of the ...
Holbrook Jackson
December 31, 1874 – 1948
No man is ever old enough to know better.
George Holbrook Jackson (31 December 1874 - 16 June 1948) was a British journalist, writer and publisher. He was recognised as one of the ...
George C. Marshall
December 31, 1880 – October 16, 1959
Go right straight down the road, to do what is best, and to do it frankly and without evasion.
George Catlett Marshall, Jr. was an American soldier and statesman famous for his leadership roles during World War II and the Cold War. He ...
Ausonius
310 CE – 395 CE
Forgive many things in others nothing in yourself.
Decimus Magnus Ausonius was a Roman poet and teacher of rhetoric from Burdigala in Aquitaine, modern Bordeaux, France. For a time he was ...
Francis Beaumont
1584 – March 6, 1616
Faith without works is like a bird without wings though she may hop with her companions on earth, yet she will never fly with them to heaven.
Francis Beaumont was a dramatist in the English Renaissance theatre, most famous for his collaborations with John Fletcher. Beaumont was ...
Frank Moore Colby
1865 – 1925
I know of no more disagreeable situation than to be left feeling generally angry without anybody in particular to be angry at.
Frank Moore Colby (1865 - 1925) was an American educator and writer, born in Washington, D. C.. He graduated from Columbia University in ...
Pierre de Coubertin
1863 – September 2, 1937
All sports must be treated on the basis of equality.
Pierre de Frédy, Baron de Coubertin was a French educator and historian, and founder of the International Olympic Committee. He is ...
Thomas Dekker
1572 – August 25, 1632
Sleep is that golden chain that ties health and our bodies together.
Thomas Dekker was an English Elizabethan dramatist and pamphleteer, a versatile and prolific writer whose career spanned several decades ...
Ernest Dimnet
1866 – 1954
Architecture, of all the arts, is the one which acts the most slowly, but the most surely, on the soul.
Ernest Dimnet (1866-1954), French priest, writer and lecturer, is the author of The Art of Thinking, a popular book on thinking and ...
John Florio
1553 – 1625
A good husband makes a good wife.
John Florio, known in Italian as Giovanni Florio, was a linguist and lexicographer, a royal language tutor at the Court of James I, and a ...
Solomon Ibn Gabirol
1021 – 1058
The test of good manners is to be patient with the bad ones.
Solomon ibn Gabirol, also known as Solomon ben Judah and traditionally known by his Latinized name Avicebron, was an Andalusian Hebrew poet ...
Edward Kennedy
1905 – November 29, 1963
Dad, I'm in some trouble. There's been an accident and you're going to hear all sorts of things about me from now on. Terrible things.
Edward Kennedy was a journalist best known for being the first Allied newsman to report the German surrender at the end of World War II, ...
Black Kettle
1803 – November 27, 1868
Although the troops have struck us, we throw it all behind and are glad to meet you in peace and friendship.
Chief Black Kettle was a leader of the Southern Cheyenne after 1854, who led efforts to resist American settlement from Kansas and Colorado ...
Ethel Watts Mumford
1878 – 1940
God gave us our relatives thank God we can choose our friends.
Ethel Watts Mumford was an American author from New York. "Mumford" came from her first husband George D Mumford, a lawyer. After her ...
John Webster
1580 – 1634
Eagles commonly fly alone. They are crows, daws, and starlings that flock together.
John Webster was an English Jacobean dramatist best known for his tragedies The White Devil and The Duchess of Malfi, which are often ...
William Wycherley
1640 – December 31, 1715
Wit is more necessary than beauty and I think no young woman ugly that has it, and no handsome woman agreeable without it.
William Wycherley was an English dramatist of the Restoration period, best known for the plays The Country Wife and The Plain Dealer.
Robert Smithson
January 2, 1938 – July 20, 1973
Artists themselves are not confined, but their output is.
Robert Smithson was an American artist famous for his use of photography in relation to sculpture and land art.
Michael Tippett
January 2, 1905 – January 8, 1998
Shakespeare fascinated me. He hardly ever left the country. His imagination was worldwide though reading.
Sir Michael Kemp Tippett OM CH CBE was an English composer who rose to prominence during and immediately after the Second World War. In his ...
Sam Levenson
December 28, 1911 – August 27, 1980
Happiness is a by-product. You cannot pursue it by itself.
Sam Levenson was an American humorist, writer, teacher, television host, and journalist.
Pablo Casals
December 29, 1876 – October 22, 1973
The art of interpretation is not to play what is written.
Pau Casals i Defilló, known during his professional career as Pablo Casals, was a Spanish Catalan cellist and conductor. He is generally ...
William Ames
1576 – November 14, 1633
Faith is the virtue by which, clinging-to the faithfulness of God, we lean upon him, so that we may obtain what he gives to us.
William Ames was an English Protestant divine, philosopher, and controversialist. He spent much time in the Netherlands, and is noted for ...
Roger Bacon
1214 – 1294
Reasoning draws a conclusion, but does not make the conclusion certain, unless the mind discovers it by the path of experience.
Roger Bacon, OFM, was an English philosopher and Franciscan friar who placed considerable emphasis on the study of nature through empirical ...
Giordano Bruno
1548 – February 17, 1600
It may be you fear more to deliver judgment upon me than I fear judgment.
Giordano Bruno, born Filippo Bruno, was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, mathematician, poet, and astrologer. He is celebrated for ...
Sitting Bull
1831 – December 15, 1890
Let us put our minds together and see what life we can make for our children.
Sitting Bull was a Hunkpapa Lakota holy man who led his people as a tribal chief during years of resistance to United States government ...
Frank Crane
1861 – 1928
A good motto is: use friendliness but do not use your friends.
Frank Crane was Chairman of the Republican Party of South Dakota from 1900 to 1906. Previously, he had been Superintendent of Public ...
John Denham
1615 – March 19, 1669
Poetry is of so subtle a spirit, that in the pouring out of one language into another it will evaporate.
Sir John Denham (1614 or 1615 - 19 March 1669) was an English poet and courtier. He served as Surveyor of the King's Works and is buried in ...
William Dunbar
1459 – 1520
A lawyer who does not know men is handicapped.
William Dunbar was a Scottish makar poet active in the late fifteenth century and the early sixteenth century. He was closely associated ...
Du Fu
712 CE – 770 CE
This cream will help one's nature strengthen and grow, The diet gives support in my decline.
Du Fu was a prominent Chinese poet of the Tang dynasty. Along with Li Bai, he is frequently called the greatest of the Chinese poets. His ...
William Halsey
1770 – August 16, 1843
There are no extraordinary men... just extraordinary circumstances that ordinary men are forced to deal with.
William Halsey was the first mayor of Newark, New Jersey serving from 1836 to 1837. He was 66 years of age and an attorney when elected. ...
Thomas Harrison
1606 – October 13, 1660
A poem conveys not a message so much as the provenance of a message, an advent of sense.
Major-General Thomas Harrison sided with Parliament in the English Civil War. During the Interregnum he was a leader of the Fifth ...
Robert Heller
1826 – 1878
Fear is excitement without breath.
Robert Heller, also Joseph Heller, was an English magician, mentalist, and musician. The year of his birth is the subject of some ...
John Heywood
1497 – 1580
Would ye both eat your cake and have your cake?
John Heywood was an English writer known for his plays, poems, and collection of proverbs. Although he is best known as a playwright, he ...
J. Edgar Hoover
1895 – May 2, 1972
No amount of law enforcement can solve a problem that goes back to the family.
John Edgar Hoover was the first Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the United States. Appointed director of the Bureau of ...
William Kent
1685 – April 12, 1748
All gardening is landscape painting.
William Kent was an eminent English architect, landscape architect and furniture designer of the early 18th century. Kent introduced the ...
Frank Knox
1874 – April 28, 1944
God did not intend the human family to be wafted to heaven on flowery beds of ease.
William Franklin "Frank" Knox was an American newspaper editor and publisher. He was also the Republican vice presidential candidate in ...
Lactantius
240 CE – 320 CE
The first point of wisdom is to discern that which is false the second, to know that which is true.
Lucius Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius was an early Christian author who became an advisor to the first Christian Roman emperor, Constantine ...
Lawrence G. Lovasik
1913 – 1986
Have you noticed in your past experience that your kind interpretations were almost always truer than you harsh one?
Rev. Lawrence Lovasik, SVD was born on June 22, 1913 in Tarentum, Pennsylvania. He attended primary school at Saint Clement School before ...
Christopher Love
1618 – August 22, 1651
Pray in your family daily, that yours may be in the number of the families who call upon God.
Christopher Love was a Welsh Protestant preacher and advocate of Presbyterianism at the time of the English Civil War. In 1651 he was ...
Harry Melling
1945 – May 29, 1999
I am auditioning again - getting back to theatre would be amazing.
Harry Melling (1945 - May 29, 1999) was the team owner of Melling Racing, which won the 1988 NASCAR championship with Bill Elliott. ...
Timothy Murphy
1751 – 1818
The current medical records system is this: Room after room after room in a hospital filled with paper files.
Timothy Murphy was a rifleman in the American Revolutionary War. At the Battle of Bemis Heights on October 7, 1777, Murphy is reputed to ...
Nagarjuna
150 CE – 250 CE
Although you may spend your life killing, You will not exhaust all your foes. But if you quell your own anger, your real enemy will be slain.
Nāgārjuna is widely considered one of the most important Buddhist philosophers after Gautama Buddha. Along with his disciple Āryadeva, ...
Ouida
1839 – January 25, 1908
Familiarity is a magician that is cruel to beauty but kind to ugliness.
Ouida was the pseudonym of the English novelist Maria Louise Ramé.
David Seabury
1885 – April 1960
Enthusiasm is the best protection in any situation. Wholeheartedness is contagious. Give yourself, if you wish to get others.
David Seabury was an American psychologist, author, and lecturer. While practicing as a consulting psychologist in New York City, he ...
Johannes Tauler
1300 – June 15, 1361
God in His wisdom has decided that He will reward no works but His own.
Johannes Tauler OP was a German mystic, a Catholic preacher and a theologian. A disciple of Meister Eckhart, he belonged to the Dominican ...
Benjamin Whichcote
1609 – 1683
Fear is the denomination of the Old Testament belief is the denomination of the New.
Benjamin Whichcote (1609 - 1683) was a British Establishment and Puritan divine, Provost of King's College, Cambridge, and leader of the ...
Victor Borge
January 3, 1909 – December 23, 2000
My father invented a cure for which there was no disease and unfortunately my mother caught it and died of it.
Victor Borge (b. January 3, 1909, Copenhagen, Denmark d. December 23, 2000, Greenwich, Connecticut) was a humorist, entertainer and ...
Andrew Johnson
December 29, 1808 – July 31, 1875
Honest conviction is my courage the Constitution is my guide.
Andrew Johnson was the 17th President of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. Johnson became president as he was Vice President at ...
Frederick Smith
December 30, 1805 – February 16, 1879
Fear of failure must never be a reason not to try something.
Frederick Smith was a British entomologist. Smith worked in the zoology department of the British Museum from 1849, specialising in the ...
Alex Ferguson
December 31, 1941 – November 23, 1974
If I have my health I can carry on. There will be a point when I do quit but I have absolutely no idea when that is.
Sir Alexander Chapman "Alex" Ferguson, CBE is a Scottish former football manager and player who managed Manchester United from 1986 to ...
David M. Shoup
December 30, 1904 – January 13, 1983
Remember, God provides the best camouflage several hours out of every 24.
David Monroe Shoup was a decorated general of the United States Marine Corps who was awarded the Medal of Honor in World War II, became the ...
Elizabeth Arden
December 31, 1884 – October 18, 1966
Hold fast to youth and beauty.
Florence Nightingale Graham, who went by the business name Elizabeth Arden, was a Canadian American businesswoman who founded what is now ...